World War I, Part 2

On April 25th, 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Less than seven months later, a victorious America claimed the former Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippine Islands. To the American diplomat John Hay, the SpanishAmerican War was a splendid little war. It had been popular, brief and inexpensive especially in terms of casualties. But the SpanishAmerican War marked a change in Americas international role. No longer content within her own borders, the United States looked overseas. In Europe, power was poised in balance. Germany longed to become a weltmacht a world power. Britain struggled to preserve her empire. Both France and Russia expanded, and the Balkan states agitated for independence from Austria. Treaties were signed; alliances were consummated. Now the actions of any one power would determine the foreign policy of the others. By early August, 1914, the world was convulsed by war the first world war. As Europes nationstates battled, they awaited the response of the greatest of the neutral powers The United States. World War I engulfed Europe. On the western front, there was constant carnage, but little movement. Soldiers bled and died to win a stretch of dirt, which was quickly lost again. Europe seemed to be deadlocked in a bloodletting frenzy. Halfway across the world, an officially neutral American was being drawn into the conflict. On May 7, 1915, a German Uboat sank a British ship named the Lusitania. 1200 people died, including 128 Americans. Diplomatic relations between Germany and America slowly decayed until, finally, President Wilson ordered American merchant ships to be armed. Within days, Uboats opened fire on American streamers. On April 6, 1917, America declared war on Germany. At the 11th hour of the 11th day of November, 1918, the guns fell silent. Germany had surrendered. At the peace conference of Versailles, the victors constructed a treaty filled with revenge and retribution. It was a treaty that Germany would not honor. The dark clouds over Europe had not been dispelled; they were now gathering for a second global conflict.