Orphans of Davenport, The: Eugenics, the Great Depression, and the War Over Children's Intelligence

Synopsis

Doomed from birth was how psychologist Harold Skeels described two toddler girls at the Orphans Home in Davenport, Iowa, in 1934. Following prevailing eugenic beliefs, Skeels and his colleague Marie Skodak assumed that the girls had inherited their parents low intelligence and sent them to an institution for the feebleminded to be cared for by moron women. To their astonishment, under the womens care, the childrens IQ scores became normal. This revolutionary finding, replicated in eleven more retarded children, infuriated leading psychologists, all eugenicists unwilling to accept that nature and nurture work together to decide our fates. Recasting Skeels and his team as intrepid heroes, Marilyn Brookwood weaves years of prodigious archival research to show how after decades of backlash, the Iowans finally prevailed. In a dangerous time of revived white supremacy, The Orphans of Davenport is an essential account, confirmed today by neuroscience, of the power of the Iowans scientific vision.